Abstract: Background:  Periodontitis is a chronic and potentially severe inflammatory disease that can affect both men and women. It is caused by various factors such as inadequate oral health, stress, consumption of alcoholic beverages, cigarette smoking, food, some immunity-related diseases, and chronic diseases. If left untreated, these disorders can ultimately contribute to missing teeth and other mouth diseases. Various delivery systems like fibers, stripes, films, and microparticulate systems are available to treat periodontitis. In-situ drug delivery systems use stimuli-sensitive polymers that undergo a solution-to-gel phase transition, which enables them to cover the entire pocket. As a result, they are more effective in treating periodontitis than other delivery systems. Aim: Provide an overview of periodontitis, its therapies, and how an in-situ gelling system can treat it effectively and safely. Methods: To achieve this aim, an extensive systematic search was done in different databases, including Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar, so many of the related prior research were reviewed. Conclusion: In-situ gelling systems are encouraging drug delivery systems for treating periodontitis.  because of their ability to deliver drugs at the site of infection while decreasing the possibility of side effects. These systems containing biocompatible, biodegradable, and water-soluble polymers have promising results in improving the treatment of periodontitis.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder characterized by an imbalance in women's reproductive hormones within the endocrine system. PCOS is related to metabolic and endocrine disorders, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, acne, and hirsutism. Obesity is common in PCOS-affected women, and it leads to abnormalities in adipocyte function and adipokine levels, including adiponectin. Adiponectin is a homeostatic regulatory agent for glucose, lipids, and insulin by its anti-in­flammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic actions. It is hypothesized that the metabolic and endocrine disturbances observed in PCOS women may be related to altered adiponectin levels. Methods: Thirty-two women with PCOS under 35 years-old were enrolled in the current study, and 32 healthy women were matched for age with the previous group to evaluate adiponectin levels, total antioxidant capacity, glucose, and insulin resistance. Results: Compared with the control group, women with PCOS had significantly reduced levels of total antioxidant capacity, and adiponectin (P<0.05), with a concomitant significant increase in glucose and insulin levels and insulin resistance (P<0.0001). Interestingly, no statistically significant correlations were observed between the parameters. Conclusions: Accordingly, we concluded that lower adiponectin levels and total antioxidant capacity together with higher glucose and insulin levels and insulin resistance may offer predictive risk factors for PCOS in women who are obese with fewer PCOS symptoms.

Abstract: Background: Over the past decade, the number of waterpipe smokers in Iraqi Kurdistan Region has increased. The driven factors behind this surge, as well as the extent of knowledge about its medical ramifications has not been fully elucidated among its users in this region. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of waterpipe smokers in the Sulaimani city/Iraq and to investigate the knowledge and attitude towards this habit along with methods of evading this habit. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2022 to August 2022 in Sulaimani/Iraq. One hundred eighty-one waterpipe smokers participated in the study. Various aspects have been addressed using questionnaires including behaviors, perception and knowledge towards waterpipe smoking (WPS). Moreover, personal awareness regarding nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were addressed. Data analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 7. Results: Results have shown that significant number of participants (79.6%) are waterpipe smoking in the cafes while huge number of them (57.5%) have not any family members smoking WP. Results also revealed that 86.2 % of participants are male and they mainly single. Most of the participants are aware of the health risks of their smoking behaviors. While, majority of them have not heard about NRT. Despite the awareness of its ramifications, 19.9 % of participants suffered harm from using waterpipe smoking. Conclusion: In conclusion, most of our participants had the good perception that waterpipe smoking has health problems. However, there is no information regarding the method of using NRT. Resulting efforts are needed to further raise the public awareness about the impacts of WPS, and they should be guided towards behavioural changes and using NRT as an alternative method.  

Abstract: Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are reports provided by patients themselves detailing their medical health state or behavior related to an illness or medication use, without any interpretation by healthcare professionals. PROs are used to evaluate health status that cannot be quantified through tangible measures, for primary outcomes such as pain severity, and secondary outcomes such as quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are instruments or methods developed by professionals to assess data on PROs directly provided by patients during reporting procedures. In the oncology field, they are important to determine the impact of cancer and chemotherapy on patient's physical symptoms, mental well-being, and social functioning. The health system turned towards using PROMs as tools for remote monitoring, conducting visits when needed, and alerting stakeholders at the right time. Aim: To describe the uses and types of PROMs in use in clinical practice and the simplified PROMs that have been developed in oncology. Conclusion: PROMs are widely used in oncology for data collection. It became necessary to simplify measures by using patients' language, downsizing content, and promoting electronic PROMs through technological programs.

Abstract: Background: Oxadiazole are important heterocyclic compounds in organic chemistry. Methods: In this work, a series of new 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety started from diazonium salt was synthesized. The latter (A1) was prepared form sulfathiazole compound by reacting it with sodium nitrite in an acidic medium. This was followed by its conversion to azide derivative through the reaction with sodium azide, resulting in the compound azide sulfathiazole (A2). The latter was utilized as a good starting material for the preparation of 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid derivative (A3). The carboxylic acid moiety of which was converted to an ester derivative (A4) by reacting it with absolute ethanol in a concentrated sulfuric acid medium. The ester derivative was subsequently reacted with hydrazine hydrate to yield the hydrazide derivative (A5), which serves as the starting material for the preparation of oxadiazole compounds. The hydrazide (A5) reacts with the substituents benzoic acid under dry condition in the presence of POCl3 to obtain the compounds 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (A6-A12). Conclusion: The target compounds were obtained and confirmed by conducting an analytical study using FT-IR spectrophotometer.