Pharmacology and Toxicology
Doaa Khalid Ibrahim; Nooralhuda Akram Yahya
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. Existing diabetic medications have limitations, including high costs and the risk of hypoglycemia. Aim: To overcome these challenges, researchers ...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. Existing diabetic medications have limitations, including high costs and the risk of hypoglycemia. Aim: To overcome these challenges, researchers are exploring advanced treatments, and one potential path is studying plants and natural sources. Many plants include green tea (Camellia sinensis), rich in catechin derivatives, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have shown promising effect because this agent may enhance beta cell proliferation, so it can produce dramatic response in management of diabetes mellitus and it is expected to reduce complication of this disease. Thorough data searching from September 2021 to June 2023 was used to conduct this study. The key terms diabetes mellitus, herbal treatment of diabetes, DYRK1A inhibitor, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and beta cell proliferation were concomitantly searched in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed in order to find relevant material. The publications that are presented here were published between 2014 and 2023. Conclusion: Collectively EGCG properties as a DYRK1A inhibitor may enhance β cell proliferation that is promising effects in diabetes mellitus treatment.
Israa M. Salih; Harith K. Al-Qazaz
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition characterized by a persistent rise in blood glucose and a disturbance in the body metabolic state. Sleep is essential for survival and the proper functioning of the body. In diabetes, appropriate sleep is important for handling insulin levels, ...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition characterized by a persistent rise in blood glucose and a disturbance in the body metabolic state. Sleep is essential for survival and the proper functioning of the body. In diabetes, appropriate sleep is important for handling insulin levels, preventing the build-up of inflammatory cytokines and maintaining body caloric intake.Objective: This review was conducted to focus on currently available information on sleep changes in diabetic patients.Methods: An extensive search was conducted on websites, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, to identify studies that examine the link between sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2022. Electronic database searches revealed a total number of 24 out of 87 articles that fulfilled the aforementioned criteria for review.Conclusion: Patients with impaired glucose tolerance have poorer sleep performance which is linked to cognitive impairment. It's well worth looking into if sleep optimization can help those sufferers improve their overall cognitive performance. Support and taking care of patients with diabetes and cognitive impairment is going properly past clinical remedy.
Narmin S. Essa; Mohammed I. Aladul
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the presence of signs and symptoms that are suggestive of neuropathy in diabetic patients, after excluding other possible causes of nerve damage. Diabetic neuropathy and its complications affect the quality of life, sleep patterns, and daily activities of the patient. Up to ...
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Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the presence of signs and symptoms that are suggestive of neuropathy in diabetic patients, after excluding other possible causes of nerve damage. Diabetic neuropathy and its complications affect the quality of life, sleep patterns, and daily activities of the patient. Up to date no FDA-approved reversing treatment was found. Studies showed that neurotropic B vitamins (vitamin B1, B6 and B12) had an important role in nerve regeneration and included in prescriptions of DN. However, these vitamins were not included in the guidelines of DN management. The aim of this review is to explore the role of neurotropic B vitamins in the treatment of DN including the mechanism of action and the evidence supporting their use. Review of the literature revealed many clinical trials examining the effect of these vitamins (alone or combined) for DN. These vitamins and/or their derivatives had well-illustrated disease-modifying mechanisms on DN. However, larger randomized clinical trials for longer periods are needed to approve their use in DN and to be included in national and international guidelines. This was hindered by the fact that vitamins are non-patentable and therefore fewer funds would be allocated for large randomized clinical trials.
Doaa K. Ibrahim; Zeina A. Al-Thanoon
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with increasing worldwide prevalence. There are many studies to observe the role of minerals on the glycemic state in diabetic patients. One of the in the human se minerals is magnesium. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body. ...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with increasing worldwide prevalence. There are many studies to observe the role of minerals on the glycemic state in diabetic patients. One of the in the human se minerals is magnesium. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body. It has a role in the action of more than 300 enzymes most of them is ATP-dependent reactions. Finally, magnesium has an effect on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, and energy production. The relationship between magnesium and DM is complex and multifactorial. There is an association between hypomagnesemia and insulin resistance by affecting phosphorylation of insulin receptors, insulin signaling and insulin action. Another consequence of hypomagnesemia is oxidative stress which is also present in the pathogenesis of DM. Objective: This work is trying to emphasize the important role of magnesium in the control of the glycemic state in diabetic patients through highlighting the studies conducted to correlate between magnesium level in the body, dietary magnesium intake, or magnesium supplementation with risk of diabetes mellitus occurrence, insulin sensitivity or glycemic control in diabetic patients. This article suggested that magnesium therapy may be beneficial in improving the clinical parameters of diabetic patients including HbA1c%, fasting serum glucose, and fasting insulin level.